Antimicrobial Treasures: Endophytic Fungi in Medicinal Plants
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51699/wjau.v2i9.100Keywords:
Endophytic fungi, medicanal plants, antimicrobial activityAbstract
Endophytic fungi residing within medicinal plants have garnered significant attention as potential sources of novel antimicrobial secondary metabolites. This review paper explores the diverse and intricate relationship between endophytic fungi and their host medicinal plants, focusing on their capacity to produce bioactive compounds with antimicrobial properties. The interaction between endophytes and their host plants contributes to the synthesis of a wide array of secondary metabolites, many of which exhibit promising antimicrobial activities against various pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Through an extensive survey of the current literature, this review highlights the methodologies employed for the isolation, identification, and characterization of endophytic fungi, as well as the strategies used to extract, purify, and assess the antimicrobial potential of their secondary metabolites. Additionally, the mechanisms underlying the biosynthesis of these bioactive compounds are discussed, shedding light on the ecological and evolutionary aspects of the endophyte-host relationship. The paper also examines the challenges and prospects associated with harnessing endophytic fungi-derived antimicrobial secondary metabolites for pharmaceutical applications. By elucidating the multifaceted roles of endophytic fungi in contributing to the health and defense mechanisms of medicinal plants, this review underscores the importance of continued research in this field for the sustainable development of innovative antimicrobial agents.
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